As autumn and winter bring shorter days, colder temperatures and more challenging ground conditions, farmers are being urged to put safety first.

Drystock adviser with Teagasc Claremorris, Vincent Ronayne, said that the coming months are "among the busiest and most demanding periods on Irish farms".

He continued: "From livestock management, slurry handling, machinery maintenance, fencing and preparing for poor weather, farmers face a wide range of hazards.

"Wet and slippery conditions, reduced daylight and unpredictable weather can all increase the risk of serious accidents."

Machinery

Ronayne said one of the most important areas of farm safety during the colder months is machinery.

"Tractors, loaders, trailers and other agricultural equipment are often working in difficult conditions, sometimes on steep or wet ground," he said.

"Before using machinery, farmers should carry out basic checks to ensure brakes, lights, tyres and safety guards are working correctly.

"Machinery should only be operated by people who are competent and properly trained."

The Teagasc adviser said particular care should also be taken when working around power take-off (PTO) shafts and other moving machinery.

"Guards must remain securely in place and machinery should always be switched off before attempting to clear blockages or carry out maintenance," he said.

Slurry management

Ronayne highlighted slurry management as another major seasonal hazard.

He said: "While slurry storage will be taking place from now and spreading slurry will only commence for some in early spring, it is important to take care handling slurry, as slurry gases can be extremely dangerous.

"Buildings should be well ventilated, and children and animals must be kept away from areas where slurry is being mixed or agitated."

He said farmers should also ensure that anyone working with slurry understands the dangers before work begins, adding that there are now electronic gas sensors available to give an early warning.

Livestock handling

Livestock handling requires particular attention during the winter months, Ronayne said.

"Cattle can become unpredictable, particularly when stressed or when calves are present," he explained.

He recommended inspecting handling facilities regularly, and maintaining gates, crushes and pens in good working order.

"Farmers should avoid entering enclosed areas with livestock unless it is necessary and safe to do so."

Weather conditions

Ronayne said weather conditions can also create significant risks.

"Heavy rain can leave yards, roadways and fields extremely slippery, while frost and ice can make ordinary farm tasks hazardous," he said.

"Farmers should ensure that frequently used walkways and working areas are kept as clear and safe as possible.

He added that visibility is a key concern during winter, and farmers working near public roads should ensure that tractors and other vehicles have clean, functioning lights and appropriate visibility markings.

Wellbeing

Ronayne said personal wellbeing should not be overlooked either.

He pointed to long working hours, wintry conditions and pressure during busy periods contributing to tiredness and poor decision-making.

He advised farmers to take regular breaks, dress appropriately for the weather and avoid working alone when carrying out particularly dangerous tasks.

"Autumn is also an ideal time to review the farm’s overall safety arrangements," he said.

"Damaged buildings, gates, fencing, electrical equipment and machinery can be repaired before winter weather makes the work more difficult.

"Taking time now to identify potential hazards can prevent accidents later."

The Teagasc adviser added that farm safety is not simply about following rules.

He said: "It is about creating a culture where everyone on the farm takes responsibility for their own safety and the safety of others.

"Safe farming starts with taking the time to stop, think, and act safely."